What is Parallel Structure?

Parallel structure, also known as parallelism, is a grammatical principle that requires similar elements in a sentence to have the same grammatical form. This means that words, phrases, or clauses that serve the same function or express similar ideas should be constructed in a consistent manner. Using parallel structure improves the clarity, coherence, and readability of your writing.

Common Terms and Definitions

Coordinating Conjunctions: Words such as "and," "but," "or," "nor," "for," "so," and "yet" that join words, phrases, or clauses of equal grammatical importance.

Correlative Conjunctions: Pairs of conjunctions, such as "either/or," "neither/nor," "not only/but also," and "both/and," that join words, phrases, or clauses and require parallel structure.

Gerund: A verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun.

Infinitive: A verb form that typically begins with "to" and functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb.

Rules for Parallel Structure

1. When using coordinating conjunctions, ensure that the elements on both sides of the conjunction have the same grammatical form (e.g., noun + noun, verb + verb, phrase + phrase).
2. When using correlative conjunctions, ensure that the elements following each part of the conjunction have the same grammatical form.
3. In lists or series, keep all items in the same grammatical form (e.g., all nouns, all infinitives, all gerunds).
4. When comparing or contrasting ideas, maintain parallel structure to emphasize the relationship between the elements.

Examples of Parallel Structure

Correct: She enjoys reading, writing, and painting. (three gerunds)

Incorrect: She enjoys reading, writing, and to paint. (two gerunds and an infinitive)

Correct: The coach encouraged us to practice regularly, to eat a balanced diet, and to get enough sleep. (three infinitive phrases)

Incorrect: The coach encouraged us to practice regularly, eating a balanced diet, and to get enough sleep. (an infinitive, a gerund, and an infinitive)

Correct: Either you complete the assignment on time, or you face the consequences. (two independent clauses)

Incorrect: Either you complete the assignment on time, or facing the consequences. (an independent clause and a gerund phrase)

Common Questions and Answers

Why is parallel structure important in writing?

Parallel structure enhances the clarity, coherence, and readability of your writing. It helps readers understand the relationships between ideas and emphasizes the main points you want to convey. Additionally, using parallel structure makes your writing more stylistically pleasing and professional.

How can I identify and correct errors in parallel structure?

To identify errors in parallel structure, look for coordinating or correlative conjunctions and lists or series in your writing. Check that the elements joined by these conjunctions or in the lists have the same grammatical form. If you find inconsistencies, revise the sentence to ensure that all elements follow the same pattern.

Can parallel structure be used in different types of writing?

Yes, parallel structure is applicable to various types of writing, including academic essays, business documents, creative writing, and everyday communication. Using parallelism effectively can improve the quality and impact of your writing in any context.

Conclusion

Mastering parallel structure is an essential skill for any writer who wants to produce clear, coherent, and engaging text. By understanding the rules and principles of parallelism and applying them consistently in your writing, you can effectively communicate your ideas and create a more polished and professional piece of work.